Design an AI Agent Orchestration System

Design a system that orchestrates multiple AI agents to complete complex, multi-step tasks autonomously.

Functional Requirements

• Define and execute multi-step agent workflows
• Support tool/API integrations for agents
• Human-in-the-loop approval workflows
• Memory and context persistence across steps
• Error recovery and retry logic
• Observability and debugging tools

Non-Functional Requirements

• Handle 1000+ concurrent agent executions
• Support workflows running for hours/days
• Sub-second latency for tool calls
• Reliable execution with at-least-once semantics
• Cost tracking per workflow execution

Questions to Consider

• How do you handle long-running workflows reliably?
• How do you manage agent memory and context?
• How do you implement effective guardrails?